Research Reviews
Cagrilintide Research: Receptor Balance and Structure
Cagrilintide acts across calcitonin and amylin receptors rather than selecting one. The structural work, the balance question and the salt form.
Incretin receptor research
GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor pharmacology, including single, dual and triple receptor agonists: receptor selectivity, signalling bias, half-life engineering, and how the published comparisons were run.
Peptide Profiles
How Does Tirzepatide Work? Imbalanced Dual Agonism
Tirzepatide engages GIP and GLP-1 receptors unequally and with signalling bias. The 2020 paper that established this, and why it matters in the lab.
Peptide Profiles
Survodutide Mechanism of Action: Two Receptors, Two Organs
Survodutide engages the glucagon receptor on liver cells and the GLP-1 receptor elsewhere. Why the second receptor opens a tissue, not just potency.
Comparisons
Cagrilintide With Retatrutide or Tirzepatide
Cagrilintide acts on amylin and calcitonin receptors, not incretin receptors. Why it is paired with GLP-1 agonists, what CagriSema showed, and blend handling.
Peptide Profiles
What Is Survodutide? Dual GLP-1 and Glucagon Agonist
Survodutide (BI 456906) is a dual glucagon and GLP-1 receptor agonist peptide. Its receptor design, trial literature and laboratory handling.
Peptide Profiles
What Is Mazdutide? An Oxyntomodulin-Based Dual Agonist
Mazdutide (IBI362, LY3305677) is a GLP-1 and glucagon receptor dual agonist built on an oxyntomodulin scaffold. Its trials and lab handling.
Comparisons
Sermorelin vs GLP-1 and Retatrutide: Two Axes
Sermorelin acts on the pituitary growth hormone axis; GLP-1 and retatrutide act on gut hormone receptors. The comparison is between systems.
Peptide Profiles
What Is Retatrutide? The Triple Agonist Peptide Explained
Retatrutide (LY3437943) is one peptide that activates GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptors. Its pharmacology, half-life and trial results.
Comparisons
Retatrutide vs Semaglutide: One Receptor or Three
Semaglutide is a selective GLP-1 receptor agonist; retatrutide activates GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptors. Structure, half-life and trial endpoints compared.
Comparisons
Retatrutide vs Tirzepatide: Receptors, PK and Trial Data
Retatrutide adds glucagon receptor activity to tirzepatide's GIP/GLP-1 agonism. Receptors, half-life, status and trial endpoints compared.
Peptide Profiles
What Is Cagrilintide? The Long-Acting Amylin Analogue
Cagrilintide is a lipidated, long-acting amylin analogue acting on amylin and calcitonin receptors. Its design, mechanism and phase 2 data.
Peptide Profiles
Is GLP-1 a Peptide? GLP-1, Analogues and Co-Agonists
Yes: GLP-1 is a ~30 amino acid peptide hormone from proglucagon. How native GLP-1 differs from long-acting analogues and co-agonist peptides.